The report focuses on contemporary population health concerns related to diets where taxation has been considered or implemented elsewhere, and/or is a viable innovation within the Welsh context. Excluded from the scope of this report are topic areas where taxation and other fiscal policy approaches are already in place by UK Government (for example, on alcohol and tobacco) and environmental-related taxation.
This report supports action by bringing together evidence and understanding of resilience at an individual and community level and the interdependence between them, how to measure change in resilience (Section 4), and provides an overview of programmes which seek to strengthen resilience at an individual and community level.
Health inequities are not inevitable. Coordinated policy action on the determinants of health combined with well designed and implemented governance approaches have a dual effect on reducing the health gap and improving overall population health. This guide is the first product developed under Public Health Wales’ WHO Collaborating Centre (WHO CC) on Investment for Health and Well-being work programme and outlines four key phases on how to synthesize, translate and communicate public health economics evidence into policy and practice. The interrelated four phases guide the reader through the process of developing evidence-informed products, which are context and target audience specific. The guide aims to (i) prevent disinvestment in health; (ii) increase investment in prevention (public health); and (iii) and mainstream cross-sectoral investment to address the wider determinants of health and equity, driving sustainable development for prosperity for all. It has been developed based on a mixed-method approach including an evidence review, interviews with national and international experts, and a multisectoral stakeholder consultation which ensured relevance and transferability across sectors, contexts, settings and countries.
A scoping review to explore the evidence base for retrospective routine enquiry in adults for ACEs, including feasibility and acceptability amongst practitioners, service user acceptability and outcomes from implementation.
The findings of this report demonstrate the population wide negative consequences of violent extremism to the well-being and cohesion of our communities. They identify how poverty, inequalities, isolation, abusive childhoods, difficulties with identity and mental ill-health can contribute to risks of violent extremism. Critically, the report examines how a public health approach can offer solutions that target these risk factors whilst police activities continue to tackle those who are already actively planning terrorist atrocities.
This study compares UK nightlife users’ ideal levels of drunkenness to their expected drunkenness on a night out and their perceptions of descriptive nightlife norms
A study to examine if data routinely collected by child death overview panels (CDOPs) could be used to measure ACE exposure and examine any associations between ACEs and child death categories. Data covering four years (2012-2016) of cases from a CDOP in North West England were studied.
This study combines data from 10 European cross-sectional ACE studies among young adults in educational institutions, to explore ACE prevalence, supportive childhood relationships and health outcomes (early alcohol initiation, problem alcohol use, smoking, drug use, therapy, suicide attempt).
Police safeguarding notifications over a one-year period for a local authority in Wales were matched to social care records to understand levels of police-identified vulnerability and their outcomes following referral to social services.
A household and online survey to gather the views of 3,310 individuals in Wales on 19 public health statements. Eight demographic and five health related behaviour super profiles were created to explore differences in opinion.
This guide identifies ten key evidence-informed policy opportunities for investment in Wales. Opportunities identified in the report address areas of high burden and cost in Wales, delivering economic as well as social and environmental returns, and supporting sustainable inclusive economic growth. The guide will help decision-makers to implement the Welsh Government’s Prosperity for All national strategy.
Gambling is increasingly being recognised as a public health priority. Recent years have seen a rapid growth in the availability and advertising of gambling, driven by factors including relaxed gambling regulations and technological development.
The United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union (EU) (informally referred to as “Brexit”) is an unprecedented event in UK history, and evidence of the impact of Brexit on a wide range of policy areas is either unknown or highly contested. The Wales Health Impact Assessment Support Unit, Public Health Wales, has carried out a Health Impact Assessment (HIA) to better understand the potential implications of Brexit for future health and well-being in Wales.
This report explores key findings from the evaluation of an initial pilot of ACE enquiry delivered with mothers during early engagement with health visiting services across Anglesey, North Wales. The pilot took place between October 2017 and July 2018 and engaged 321 mothers in a supportive, ACE-informed discussion about childhood adversity and its impacts on health, wellbeing and parenting.
This resource: School-based violence prevention: a practical handbook, is about schools, education and violence prevention. It provides guidance for school officials and education authorities on how schools can embed violence prevention within their routine activities and across the points of interaction schools provide with children, parents and other community members. If implemented, the handbook will contribute much to helping achieve the SDGs and other global health and development goals.
A study to examine if, and to what extent, a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) combines with adult alcohol consumption to predict recent violence perpetration and victimisation.
This article examines the emotions associated with drinking different types of alcohol, whether these emotions differ by socio demographics and alcohol dependency and whether the emotions associated with different drink types influence people’s choice of drinks in different settings.
This publication aims to address the gap caused by the downsizing or closure of a single large employer in a localised area, and provides a public health informed response framework which takes into consideration the impact on the wider determinants of health and the populations affected.
Paper summarising MUE report
We are living in an increasingly changing and globalised world, where new developments and transformation over the next century will be greater than those of the previous millennia. This poses multiple and sometimes unknown challenges as well as bringing new opportunities.
An initial exploration of the feasibility and acceptability of asking about a history of ACEs in a large multi-site GP practice in North West England. Findings explore practitioner experiences of delivery and potential impacts on patients.
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) including maltreatment and exposure to household stressors can impact the health of children. Community factors that provide support, friendship and opportunities for development may build children’s resilience and protect them against some harmful impacts of ACEs. This paper examines if a history of ACEs is associated with poor childhood health and school attendance and the extent to which such outcomes are counteracted by community resilience assets.
The Stay Well in Wales survey sought to obtain the views of residents of Wales on a range of public health issues in order to inform the development and implementation of Public Health Wales’ strategy for 2018-2030.
Public Health Wales is involved in a wide variety of national and international research. Research is an essential part of what we do as an organisation, enabling us to understand the most effective approaches to improving the health and well-being of those living in Wales and beyond.
The Welsh Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) and Resilience Survey was undertaken to examine individual and community factors that may offer protection from the harmful impacts of ACEs on health, well-being and prosperity across the life course.
To investigate whether sharing and linking routinely collected violence data across health and criminal justice systems can provide a more comprehensive understanding of violence, establish patterns of under-reporting and better inform the development, implementation and evaluation of violence prevention initiatives.
This Case Study Book, Progressing the Sustainable Development Goals through Health in All Policies: Case studies from around the world was developed as an outcome of the Adelaide 2017 Health in All Policies International Conference co-sponsored by the Government of South Australia and the World Health Organization.
There are growing public health, inequality, economic and environmental challenges across the WHO European Region that require urgent and priority-focused investment if sustainable development (meeting current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs) is to be achieved and health and well-being ensured for present and future generations.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to synthesise findings from studies measuring the effect of multiple types of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on health outcomes throughout life.
Public Health Wales’ International Health Strategy supports the successful delivery of our national role, strategic priorities and well-being objectives. A wide consultation process, supported by a literature review and mapping of international work and collaborations across the organisation has enabled us to identify three strategic priorities and six strategic objectives for the next ten years.